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Bail under Illinois Law
Being arrested can be a harrowing experience for people, especially if the person is going through it for the first time. After it happens, most people's initial concern is making sure that they are not held in jail until the time of their trial. In many circumstances that is possible, but it brings up the issue of bail. There are a variety of misconceptions about the purposes of bail, as well as the practical way that paying bail works. The basic idea behind making defendants post bail is as a deposit against their failing to show up for court.
What Bail Is
Bail is a sum of money that the court requires defendants to turn over to the court in exchange for being allowed to leave jail before their trial. The law requires the defendant to post 10 percent of the set bail, and the court then releases them. As long as the defendant makes all of their court dates, then they get their money back at the end of the process, minus an administrative fee.
How the Jury Selection Process Works
One of the most important stages of the trial is the jury selection process, commonly known as voir dire. This stage, often considered the beginning of the actual trial, sets the tone for the trial, and allows the lawyers to decide on who will actually be the group of people rendering the verdict. Naturally then, many defendants are curious about how the jury selection process works. Voir dire varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but generally it is a procedure process managed by the judge and the attorneys in which the attorneys attempt to select an unbiased jury that they can both agree on.
The Jury Selection Process
The jury selection process begins with a group of potential jurors being brought into the courtroom. Normally, the judge, attorneys, and defendants will also already be in the room. The judge will then often give a small speech about the importance of the jury process and the procedure of the day. Then, the judge will likely explain the charges, and ask if anyone in the potential jury pool knows anyone involved in the case, including the attorneys and witnesses. Once those people are excluded, voir dire begins in earnest.
Drone Searches and Illinois Law
New technology is constantly revolutionizing the way that police do their jobs, and that means that the law has to keep up in order to protect people's civil rights. One of the most common places where new technology butts up against people's rights is in the area of searches. The Fourth Amendment provides citizens with protection from unreasonable searches and seizures, but it does not define unreasonable. Over the years, courts have had to deal with wiretaps, heat vision, and GPS trackers, just to name a few pieces of technology.
Now, a new technology is creating another future Fourth Amendment issue: police drones. Police have had access to aerial surveillance for decades, but drones are different. Ordinary aerial surveillance is expensive. It requires helicopters and officers and a good deal of time and money. Drones make those searches much easier and cheaper.
Illinois Expands Social Host Crimes in the State
In recent years, the law has attempted to take a tougher stance on underage drinking. One of the biggest ways that this has been done is through the increasing criminalization of providing alcohol to minors. One group that has been targeted especially heavily is parents. Parents' opinion on when their child is responsible enough to drink may differ from the state's.
This can make it difficult for the state to enforce their policies on underage drinking because parents can provide children with places to drink that the police can have difficulty entering, such as private homes. In order to deal with this, the state passed a law that criminalized being a "social host" for minors, which means that it is illegal to provide a place for minors to drink.
Curfews and Protesters’ Rights in Illinois
Protesters and police have always had something of an uneasy relationship. On the one hand, protecting people's right to freedom of speech is a valuable. On the other, maintaining public order is also important, both for the safety of the people in the protests as well as other people in the area. A case involving the arrests of protesters comes down squarely on the side of the public order. The case involves numerous defendants who were arrested for a curfew violation in Grant Park, who were arguing that the enforcement of the curfew violated their First Amendment rights.
The Case
This case actually does not have to do with the recent wave of protests across the country, though it may have important implications for future cases surrounding them. Instead, this case goes back to 2011 and the Occupy protestors. On October 15, 2011, Occupy Chicago held a rally, that culminated in a march to Grant Park. Once the protesters reached grant park, they began putting up tents. The police issued warnings that the park closed at 11 p.m., and that people still in the park after that time may be arrested.
Cook County Board President Wants to Reform Automatic Transfers
Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle recently called for an end to the practice of automatically trying certain juvenile offenders as adults. The cause of that practice, known as automatic transfers, is a 1982 law that sets up part of Illinois' juvenile justice system, but exempts some types of crimes from juvenile prosecutions. While that law was seen as being tough on crime at the time, it takes discretion out of the hands of judges who are actually seeing the specific cases, it disparately impacts minority youths, and it contributes to the existence of an expensive prison population.
What Automatic Transfers Are
Automatic transfers are transfers of minors into adult court that happen outside of judicial discretion. In Illinois, children under the age of 17 are often tried in juvenile court rather than forcing them to defend themselves as though they were an adult. However, certain minors who are accused of certain crimes are moved directly into the adult justice system, regardless of whether that makes sense.
The Legal Definition of Theft in Illinois
Theft is one of the most common crimes in Illinois, but many people do not actually understand the law behind it. The law of theft is surprisingly complex because theft in Illinois is such a broad crime. It covers mugging, pickpocketing, and shoplifting among other types of theft. The legal framework used to cover this crime is found at 720 ILCS 5/16-1. That section of Illinois law lists the basic elements that make up theft, as well as the aggravating factors, which are specific circumstances that increase the severity of the crime in the eyes of the law.
Basic Theft in Illinois
At its core, the law defines theft as taking unauthorized control of another person's property. In the past, the law used to make distinctions about the methods used to take control. For instance, it considered taking by threat of force to be a different crime than taking something by deception. Some jurisdictions still operate under these rules, but for the most part Illinois has abolished them. In Illinois, theft is all the same, regardless of whether someone uses the threat of force, deception, or simply takes something.
Group Crime in Illinois
The institution of criminal law has long been concerned with groups of people coordinating their criminal activities. The concern stems from the belief of judges and legislators that people working together will be capable of committing more serious crimes more easily.
Consequently, the law recognizes a special crime known as conspiracy. Conspiracy is a crime in its own right, and it is distinct from any underlying crime. This means that if two people conspire to commit a murder and they carry it out, they would be guilty of both conspiracy and murder. This stand alone nature of conspiracy has important implications both for how the crime is defined and how it is punished.
The Crime of Conspiracy
Simply put, the crime of conspiracy is the crime of agreeing to commit a crime. However, that simple definition creates a difficult problem for the criminal law. The American criminal justice system does not like to punish people for their mere thoughts. After all, two people sitting around idly joking about robbing a bank together is a far step removed from an experienced gang of bank robbers with tools, plans and skills.
Illinois Legislative Committee Expected to Announce Gun Sentencing Reforms
Criminal sentencing is one of the most debated topics in criminal law. At its heart, the idea is to calibrate a sentence to the crime's severity. This is why murder has a more severe punishment than theft. In the past, judges had a large amount of freedom in determining the sentences for a crime, but people began to grow concerned that this was unfair to offenders. Different people were getting different sentences for similar crimes. Consequently, the legislatures began prescribing more and more specific sentences for crimes.
Unfortunately, these more specific sentences have led to their own problems, and now more people are calling for sentencing reform. To that end, the Illinois General Assembly created the Joint Criminal Justice Reform Committee to review current sentencing laws and make recommendations to places that they ought to be changed. Soon, the Committee is expected to announce a set of recommendations for reforming sentences for gun crimes.
What Are the Degrees of Murder in Illinois?
Murder is the most serious crime under Illinois law, but it is complicated in that it can be charged in different "degrees," which represent the exact seriousness of the crime. The highest degree of murder is the first degree, with second degree murder being less serious. The two crimes are similar in their elements, but there are key differences. First degree murders are intentional killings in violation of the law, whereas second degree murders are actions that would constitute first degree murder but for the influence of some factor making them less serious.
First Degree Murder
Killings with the highest level of intent in Illinois are designated first degree murder. In order to qualify for first degree murder, someone must undertake an act that kills someone, and the individual had to either intend to kill or seriously injure the person or at least he or she had to know that this act would kill or seriously injure the person. Alternatively, people can also be charged with first degree murder under Illinois's felony murder rule. This rule states that when a person kills someone in the course of committing a forcible felony, then the person is guilty of first degree murder regardless of his or her intent.
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